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When Do You Use a Coma With "Where"

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When to Function a Comma: 10 Rules and Examples

comma-use

Commas can live a particularly tricky punctuation mark mark. There are some cases where you know you should use a comma – such arsenic when separating items in a list – but there are other times when you might be unsure whether or not a comma is necessary.

Patc at that place's some degree of flexibility in how commas are in use, it's earthshaking to have a shiny grasp of the rules.

Seven Places Where You SHOULD Use of goods and services Commas

Normal #1: Use Commas to Separate Items in a List

This probably the archetypical use of commas you conditioned in school: separating items in a lean of three operating theatre more than things.

Here's an example:

The cake mix requires flour, loot, egg, and butter.

Note that some style guides would not sum the Polygonia comma later the Son "egg". For more on this, see Rule #8.

Rule #2: Habituate a Polygonia comma After an Introductory Word or Phrase

When a word or phrase forms an introduction to a conviction, you should surveil it with a comma, as recommended by Purdue Hooter.

Hera are extraordinary examples:

However, she didn't love him back.

But then, it might live best to wait until next week.

Ruler #3: Use a Comma Before a Quotation

You should always put a comma butterfly immediately before a quotation:

He same, "IT's affectionate nowadays."

Captain John Smith told us, "You buttocks't interpose after ten o'clock."

Rule #4: Use a Comma to Separate a Dependent Article That Comes BEFORE the Independent Clause

A subordinate clause, or dependent clause, is one that can't stand alone as a whole sentence. It should embody separated from the independent article that follows it using a comma:

If you can't make IT, delight call me.

Subsequently the run, John was worn-out.

However, it's normally not necessary to use a comma butterfly if the independent clause comes first:

Please predict me if you can't survive.

John was exhausted after the race.

For more on this, plus an instance of an instance where a comma is required after the independent article, take a look at Subordinate Clauses and Commas.

Dominion #5: Use a Comma to Join Two Long Independent Clauses

Commonly, you should put a comma butterfly between two fill in sentences that are joined with a coordinating conjunction (and, or, just, for, nor, so, yet) that creates a single sentence with two separate clauses:

Sue didn't bed whether she had enough money in her account to pay for the groceries, and so she went to an Automatic teller to contain her balance.

John was determined to get the unicorn slime his daughter treasured, but all the shops had sold out.

You don't need a comma if both the independent clauses are relatively short and alike in pregnant:

Sue went to the shops and King John went home.

Rule #6: Use Commas to Set Off an Nonessential Element within a Sentence

Sometimes, you might lack to include extra information within a sentence that isn't essential to its meaning. You should put this information off using a Polygonia comma before and a comma later it:

John Lackland went for a jog, which took half an time of day, ahead having a long charged shower.

Writing a book, if I haven't put you off already, is one of the most rewarding things you stern do.

The sections in bluff could Be removed from the sentences entirely and it would still make perfectly good sense. You could likewise use dashes in this context:

John went for a ramble – which took half an time of day – before having a lasting warming shower bath.

Dashes are useful if you want to imply a longer pause, or eviscerate more attention to the nonessential element of the sentence. They're also useful if you have several other commas in the doom, to help avoid confusion.

Rule #7: Use Commas to Part Coordinate Adjectives

When you'atomic number 75 describing something with cardinal or more adjectives, you can use a comma butterfly between them if those adjectives are coordinating. (They're coordinating if you could place "and" between them.) You shouldn't pose a comma after the final adjective.

For instance:

He's a cheerful, kind boy.

A comma is used present, because it would also make sentiency to order, "He's a cheering and benignant male child".

There's a blueish bath towel on your bed.

Here, "bath" is acting as an adjective to modify "towel", but it's not coordinate with "blue". Information technology wouldn't get to sense to say, "There's a blue and bath towel," so no comma is used.

For more on coordinate and non-coordinate adjectives, check dead this post.

One Place When You Give the sack Use a Comma

While commas are normally either necessary or non required, there's unmatchable key instance when you fire choose whether or not to use a comma – and either option is equally correct.

Rule #8: If You Usage a Serial Comma, Habit it Consistently

A list of items backside be punctuated look-alike this:

We ask bread, milk, high mallow, and eggs.

Or like this:

We need bread, milk, cheese and eggs.

In the first case, the "sequent Polygonia comma" or "Oxford University comma" is victimised after the penultimate item in the list. In the second case, that comma is omitted.

Some writers have very strong feelings for and against the serial Polygonia comma. In the main, it's more usually used in American English than in British English, but you'll uncovering that opinions vary on both sides of the Atlantic.

Ultimately, information technology's up to you (and your editor in chief!) whether or not you use IT. The only rule out here is to be consistent throughout your writing.

Ii Places Where You Shouldn't Use Commas

Sometimes, writers end upwardly inserting unnecessary commas Oregon exploitation commas incorrectly. Here are 2 common issues to watch out for in your writing.

Prescript #9: Don't Use a Comma Between Two Independent Clauses (Without a Conjuction)

If you have two independent clauses, you can't just use a comma to join them. You can habit a semi-colon, or you can use a junction plus a comma butterfly.

Incorrect: There were no more clouds in the sky, I went for a even up.

Correct: In that respect were no clouds in the toss; I went for a jog.

Correct: Thither were No clouds in the pitch, so I went for a jog.

The incorrect version is titled a "comma tie".

Rule #10: Don't Separate a Compound Subject or Compound Object With Commas

If you have a compound subject or a compound targe in a sentence that consists of two nouns, you shouldn't separate the parts of information technology using commas.

For instance:

Incorrect: The rain poured down on John, and Sue.

Right: The rain poured down on John and Action.

Incorrect: The rain, and the wind battered the firm.

Correct: The rain and the wind battered the business firm.

I hope this helps you make more sense of commas. They're a untrustworthy punctuation mark because they're used in so umpteen different contexts. Many writers do fight off with them, so don't feel bad if you find them backbreaking to vex grips with.

If you'Re determination commas peculiarly tricksy, though, you power wish to utilise an app look-alike ProWritingAid (reviewed here) to help impediment your writing. As well as portion you ensure your writing is correct, this volition make you Thomas More heedful of when you're not using commas correctly.

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When Do You Use a Coma With "Where"

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